Essay on A City Upon a Hill by John Winthrop - 695 Words

In John Winthrop’s essay â€Å"City Upon a Hill†, Winthrop expresses his distinct views on the aims of the Puritans coming to New England. During the early 17th century in Europe, some groups separated from the Church of England. These groups were known as the Pilgrims, who founded Plymouth Colony in 1620. This religion had a direct impact on religious ideas and culture in America. John Winthrop acquired a royal charter from King Charles I and created the Massachusetts Bay Colony. â€Å"City Upon a Hill† was written on the ship during the first mass Puritan migration to New England. This document provided the followers with a plan regarding their goals upon arriving in America. Winthrop firmly believes that the people who are willing to be fully†¦show more content†¦He stresses throughout the essay that the settlers who are willing to be involved in this â€Å"mission† must put their whole life into it and come together as one if they want their r eligion to succeed as a model for other Christian churches throughout the world. Winthrop says that God will help them in their times of need, and bless them in return for their faith in him. The author uses biblical references such as Nadab and Abihu. He uses this to show the consequences of innovation in worship. They were blessed by God until there were transgressions including their unauthorized entry into the â€Å"Holy of Holies†, lack of reverence, and intoxication. The Lord had given them clear instructions on how to do something, but Nadab and Abihu decided to disobey him do it in their own choosing. He references them to give an example of sinning against the Lord. Another biblical reference Winthrop makes is Saul and Amaleck, in which Saul makes a great mistake that denies him his kingdom and results in his downfall. Winthrop mentions this because he is trying to convey that the settlers are required to obey the Lord’s wishes at all times. Throughout the sermon, John Winthrop makes himself very clear about what he wants the Massachusetts Bay Colony to accomplish when he establishes it. He desires it to be a strictly religious society that will act as an example for the rest of the colonies. Winthrop lays out a plan of exactly how he wants the colonists to actShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of City Upon A Hill By John Winthrop1050 Words   |  5 PagesAddison How would the federalists view John Winthrop’s â€Å"City Upon a Hill† model? How would the anti-federalists view it? 2.) Are the federalists or anti-federalists right? 1.)   Ã‚  Ã‚   John Winthrop’s â€Å"City Upon a Hill† sermon inspired the Puritans aboard the Arbella by warning that the eyes of the world were watching their colonization of the New World. He also insisted that they were to set an example for all of the future generations to come. He called upon the congregants to keep God in their heartsRead MoreAnalysis Of John Winthrop s City Upon A Hill And Jonathan Edward s Sinners1971 Words   |  8 Pagestheme of both John Winthrop’s â€Å"City Upon a Hill† and Jonathan Edward’s â€Å"Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God†, is the prospect of religion in one’s everyday life influencing their future. In order to build up their ideas about acting in a way that pleases the Lord, both these authors use repetition, diction, allusions, and metaphors as a way to build momentum in their speech as they allude to teachings of the bible and their diction install a notion of uncertainty. However, while Winthrop uses his notionRead MoreEssay on John Winthrop878 Words   |  4 PagesThe City upon the Hill John Winthrop founded the colony of Massachusetts Bay in 1630, where he was the first Governor of the colony, a position he held for twenty years. In April, 1630, aboard the ship Arbella, he led a large party from England for the new world to establish a pure Christian based colony. They hoped to establish communities of pure Christians who collectively swore a covenant with God that would they work for his ends, knowing that in return, He would watch over them. Read MoreBenjamin Franklin And John Winthrop1651 Words   |  7 PagesBenjamin Franklin and John Winthrop, men with different ideals, present the same notion that America should be presented as a â€Å"city upon a hill.† Franklin believed that the American dream should be presented as an ideal where men and women are equal and can both move up in social class on their own, practicing any religion they desired. On the other hand, Winthrop believed that the new world was a religious safe haven only for the Purita ns. American Exceptionalism was overall the main focus, guidingRead MoreA Model Of Christian Charity1525 Words   |  7 Pagesof Christian Charity is a sermon, or more of a simple speech delivered by Winthrop in order to inspire his fellow Puritans who sailed in order to settle in the New England. This speech was given in order to keep them committed to their new settlement. It was most probably not intended to be a timeless piece of literature that it became later on. John Winthrop’s â€Å"A Model of Christian Charity† is also known as â€Å"A City on a Hill†. It often illustrates the American status which is of the leading and frontrunnerRead MoreThe Religious Convictions Of The Puritans1170 Words   |  5 Pagestension between individual freedom and the demands of authority. Here is John Winthrop’s â€Å"A Modell of Christian Charity† as a primary source that related some conflicts that presented a constant stream of issues to understand and resolve, including whether to leave England and abandon the church they sought to purify and how to set up a new world in Massachusetts. First of all, let’s know who was John Winthrop? John Winthrop was one of the major leaders of the first Puritan settlement in the UnitedRead MoreFreedom Is An Innate Right1407 Words   |  6 PagesAmerican livings in the free states, and others a source of considerable discomfort and dismay of many. At last he started a civil war to end the slavery to get freedom for nation. Thesis: American authors George Washington, Frederick Douglass and John Winthrop demonstrates the important of National, Personal and Religious freedom in the United Sates through their writings. George Washington was the first president of United States, serving from 1789- 1797. The tradition of George Washington, perhapsRead MoreSynical Analysis Of John Winthrops A City On A Hill738 Words   |  3 PagesA City on a Hill John Winthrop is incredibly smart. The sermon that he delivered while en route to Massachusetts was the perfect thing to prepare his new colonists for life in a foreign land. Backing up his calls for brotherly love and forgiveness with direct scripture quotes, he lays out why exactly the Puritans need to act justly and kindly. The question and answer format of his sermon is laid out in an easy to understand logic that seems to be backed up with doctrine at every step. He even explainsRead More Perception of American Exceptionalism Essay example1501 Words   |  7 PagesUnited States have adapted to and developed in order to become a more unified country. Our nation believes that it is exceptional when it comes to other countries worldwide. As can be shown through the popular reference to America as the ‘shining city on a hill’. The term â€Å"American exceptionalism† is derived from ideals held by many Americans throughout history. Different people have analyze d American exceptionalism through multiple literary devices. Works such as A Model of Christian Charity, WhatRead MoreThe Separation Between Church And State1492 Words   |  6 Pagesprohibited to regulate or control those who exercise religion. The predominant issue between church and state does not rest on protecting those avoiding religion, but to protect those choosing to practice religious freedom. Roger Williams and John Winthrop firmly believe that church and state must remain separate from the state to prevent misconception in religion. Several scholars, religious leaders, and theologists, broadly recognized throughout literature and history, state his/her convictions

Cholera Outbreak Free Essays

Haiti Jessica Ganzalez LHHS MUN 2011 WHO Cholera Outbreak Position Paper Background: Cholera is a disease that starts in the intestines, caused by the consumption of impure food or water with the bacteria Vibrio Cholera. The two most common indication of Cholera are diarrhea and excessive vomiting. Cholera is an extremely virulent disease and affects both children and adults and can kill within hours, if left untreated. We will write a custom essay sample on Cholera Outbreak or any similar topic only for you Order Now During the 19th century, cholera spread across the world from its original reservoir in the Ganges delta in India. Six subsequent pandemics killed millions of people across all continents. The current (seventh) pandemic started in South Asia in 1961, and reached Africa in 1971 and the Americas in 1991. Cholera is now endemic in many countries. This disease is not a complete threat to countries that have regular access to clean water and hygiene. The more urbanized Asian nations such as China and India have developed medical treatments for this deadly disease, but the less developed countries have yet to find ways to be less influenced by this broad topic. UN Involvement: The World Health Organization (WHO) has greatly influenced the discontinue of Cholera by launching the WHO Global Task Force on Cholera Control in 1992 following the adoption of a resolution on cholera by the Forty-fourth World Health Assembly. The plan was to lessen death associated with the disease and to deal with the social and economic consequences of cholera. The United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) and numerous other committees are also working on proposals and resolutions to decrease the number affected by this preventable virus with the help of the World Bank, grants given by nations, and NGOs. The United Nations have also donated thousands of medical kits and supplied countries with doctors to treat those affected. In addition the United Nations agencies and their partners today appealed for $164 million to support Haiti’s efforts to fight the deadly cholera outbreak that has already claimed several hundred lives in the small Caribbean nation. According to the UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA), over 12,000 Haitians having been hospitalized so far, and over 800 people have died from the disease, which is spread by contaminated food and water. Country Policy/ Possible Solutions Haiti has been overwhelmed with famine and disease for years, but after the massive January earthquake hit, it put Haiti in even more misery then before. Recently they have had close to none clean drinking water and food. The cholera epidemic has killed 1,110 people and sickened 18,382 as of November of 2010, and has piled depression on the Caribbean country. The violence in Cap-Haitian prevented cholera patients from reaching hospitals and halted distribution of medicines and caused many injuries. Protesters blamed U. N. Nepalese peacekeepers for bringing the cholera to Haiti, a charge denied by the U. N. mission. Anti-U. N. riots in the Haitian city of Cap-Haitian have upset worldwide efforts to undertake a spreading cholera epidemic, increasing the risk of infection and death for tens of thousands of poor Haitians in the north. With the number of cases from the current cholera outbreak in Haiti in the thousands and the number of deaths in the hundreds and rising, it is only a matter of time before this treacherous disease spreads into further more severe matters. A possible solution would be to provide a large administration of sugar water, and an increase in the number of clinics and medical facilities that offer intravenous fluids. If my resolution is promoted this issue would slowly fade because oral rehydration salts and oral electrolyte solutions are a simple, cheap, and effective treatment for diarrhoea-related dehydration such as Cholera. I also believe that if there is enough evidence to guarantee widespread use of the oral cholera vaccine people in Haiti and other nations would become healthier, preventing them from infectious diseases such as cholera. The World Bank, UN, and other organizations willing to participate in this mission would help fund the project. Not only would these solutions ensure health, but it would also bring contributor nation’s one-step closer to the millennium goals of Combating Diseases and Environmental sustainability. Before cholera spreads to the U. S. and around the world, we need to see this outbreak contained and controlled in Haiti. More than anything else, we need big infusion of sugar/electrolyte drinking water and intravenous salt solution to be sent to the countries suffering with diseases along with a program to vaccinate travelers and everyone living there. Sources http://www. reuters. com/article/2010/11/17/us-haiti-cholera-idUSTRE6AG3ZC20101117 http://www. globalsecurity. org/military/library/news/2010/11/mil-101112-unnews03. htm http://www. who. int/cholera/en/index. html http://medical-dictionary. thefreedictionary. com/cholera http://www. who. int. mediacentre/factsheets/fs107/en/i ndex. html http://www. undp. org/mdg/basics. shtml How to cite Cholera Outbreak, Essay examples

The Living Pain Essay Example For Students

The Living Pain Essay The Living PainFor centuries, death was measured by a physician feeling for a pulse and putting a mirror under the patients mouth. If there were no signs of life-no pulse, no breath, death was certified. In the last few decades, however, a physicians duty has not been so simple. More intricate scientific tests may be called for; and the law defining the point at which life ends is not so easy to formulate. Many steps must be taken to determine death. At the same time, many steps must occur so the person can have the right to say that they do not want to be respired. In passive or negative euthanasia the person dies naturally of the disease process; in active euthanasia the person is killed. Active euthanasia is often confused with allowing the terminally ill person to die naturally of the disease. Allowing an individual to die means foregoing or stopping medical treatments intended to prolong life. For example, a terminally ill person on a respirator (breathing machine) in an intensive care ward may request that the machine be turned off and that they be allowed to die. The discontinuation of the life support technology when any realistic hope for recovery has completely vanished is a legal, ethical, and appropriate act also known as passive euthanasia.Through the research of this paper, I have looked at both sides of the argument. I can say that I agree with the side of passive euthanasia. One advocate of the legalization of active or positive euthanasia has said that it matters very much indeed if but one person who would have decided for a quick death is forced to undergo a protracted one. It also matters, of course, if but one person who would have decided to live longer is pressured into accepting a quick death (McKenzie 491). Hein 2For some people, any appeal to utility in considering the desirability of legalizing euthanasia will seem cruel and inappropriate. If passive euthanasia becomes legally and morally accepted, it is inevitable that strong pressures will be put on many patients who do not want to die, but who feel they should not live on, because to do so when there looms the legal alternative of euthanasia is to do a selfish or a cowardly act (McKenzie 479). An important attempt to incorporate euthanasia into law took place in England in 1931. Dr. Killick Millard, health officer for the city of Leicester, gave his presidential address before the Society of Officers of Health. In a subsequent article in Fortnightly Review, he presented his specific proposals in a draft bill entitled The Voluntary Euthanasia Legalization Bill. It included the following provisions: 1. An application for a euthanasia permit may be filed by a dying person stating that they have been informed by two medical practitioners that they are suffering from a fatal and incurable disease, and that the process of death is likely to be protracted and painful. 2. The application must be attested by a magistrate and accompanied by two medical certificates. 3. The application and certificates must be examined by the patient and relativesinterviewed by a euthanasia referee. 4. A court will then review the application, certificates, the testimony of the reefer and any other representatives of the patient. It will then issue a permit to receive euthanasia to the applicant and a permit to administer euthanasia to the medical practitioner (or euthanizer). 5. The permit would be valid for a specified period, within which the patient would determine if and when they wished to use it. (Humphry 13)Hein 3Are these the kind of pressures we want to inflict on any person, let alone a very sick person? Are these the kind of pressures we want to impose on any family, let alone an emotionally shattered family? And if so, why not also proper considerations for the crippled, the paralyzed, the quadruple amputee, the iron-lung occupant and their families?The withholding of grand-style heroic surgery from a ninety-nine year old hopelessly dying patient who begs to be left alone is not euthanasia even if surgery could prolong the life several more weeks. The injection of a massive dose of morphine to this same patient, producing death, would be considered euthanasia. The difference is that of an act of commission as opposed to an act of omission. Euthanasia induces death by commission. It does not allow nature to take its course. The act itself is t he same cause of death. Opening an-inground swimming p EssayThe reluctance of medical practitioners to provide individuals with the means to their own death is often speciously justified by reference to the sanctity with which doctors are expected to regard all human life. The Hippocratic Oath is sometimes invoked: I will give no deadly medicine to anyone if asked; or the Declaration of Geneva: I will maintain the utmost respect for human life. More pragmatically, it may be argued that doctors must work by a single, overriding principle to improve health and prolong life and that it would place them in difficult positions if they had to compromise this aim. This deference rings somewhat hollow, however, in the face of what actually happens in practice. For we find that doctors do make termination decisions as a matter of choice, and without the concent of their victims. I am not speaking here only of the killing of foetuses. Doctors apply non-voluntary euthanasia to the elderly, to comatose patients and to handicapped babies, among others. What sort of profession is it which refuses to do what its clients want, and kills them without their concent?Hein 6Now many of the people who advocate this form of euthanasia are apparently agreed that the concent of the patient is crucial, and that involuntary euthanasia is ruled right out of the court. Yet consider the proposed development in the light of the current situation. On the one hand, assisted suicide, where a person such as your relative helps you to die, is currently illegal, and there is no suggestion that it be made otherwise. On the other hand, doctors killing certain categories of patients without their concent, such as the senile or the comatose, by withholding treatment, is a regular occurrence. Is the legalization of euthanasia more likely to be a development out of the former or the latter of these two policies?In conclusion, I believe that euthanasia should be legal if a person is on life support and will be for the rest of their life, and also if they are suffering. I do not believe that euthanasia should be used as a means of assisted suicide, also known as active euthanasia.